7.7. [ T-Heat ] section

This tally can be used to obtain deposition energies (heat) in certain regions using kerma approximation. However, the function to calculate deposition energy using kerma approximation was also implemented in [t-deposit] after version 3.05, and thus, we do not recommend to use [t-heat] after that version.

Although the deposition energy from neutrons is zero for e-mode >= 1, it can be calculated instead from the energy loss of all charged particles and nuclei. The deposition energy from photons is also usually obtained from kerma factors. For electron=1 with electron transport, photon kerma factors are not used; instead, deposition energies are obtained from the energy loss of electrons.

Table 7.7.1 mesh

value	explanation
reg, r-z, xyz	Mesh type. A mesh type subsection is required below this option.

Table 7.7.2 axis

value	explanation
reg, x, y, z, r	x axis value of output data.
xy, yz, xz, rz	2-dimensional.

Table 7.7.3 samepage

value	explanation
(optional, D=part)	The type of data to be displayed on the same page of the image output file. Parameters that can be defined in axis can be specified.

Table 7.7.4 file

value	explanation
file name	Define output file names. This is required by each setting of axis.

Table 7.7.5 resfile

value	explanation
(optional, D=file)	Define a file name of the past tally in the restart calculation. Even if several axis parameters were defined, specify only one resfile.

Table 7.7.6 material

value	explanation
(optional)	Specify materials for scoring.
all	all is the default, same as no definition.
number of materials	To set number of materials, define the material numbers in the next line. The number of materials can be set as a negative value, in which case the specified materials are not included for scoring.
(next line)	2 5 8 Material numbers.

Table 7.7.7 output

value	explanation
heat	total: Total deposit energy. leakage: Kinetic energy of particles entering the outer void. recoil: Kinetic energy of residual nuclei when cut-off energy emin(15-19) is set. ionization: Energy deposited by energy-loss of charged particles. low neutron: Energy deposit calculated by neutron kerma factors. photon: Energy deposit by kerma factors. If electron=1, this means contributions of electrons below cut-off energy. others: Excitation energy of residual nuclei. Setting igamma=1 makes this value 0 owing to photon emission.
simple	total: Total deposit energy. leakage: Kinetic energy of particles entering the outer void. recoil: Kinetic energy of residual nuclei when cut-off energy emin(15-19) is set. ionization: Energy deposited by energy-loss of charged particles. low neutron: Energy deposit calculated by neutron kerma factors. photon: Energy deposit by kerma factors. If electron=1, this means contributions of electrons below cut-off energy. others: Excitation energy of residual nuclei. Setting igamma=1 makes this value 0 owing to photon emission.
all	In addition to the above parameters; contributions of \(d\), \(t\), \(^3\mathrm{He}\), \(\alpha\), and residual nuclei to recoil. Contributions of \(p\), \(\pi^+\), \(\pi^-\), and others to ionization are output. Contributions of particles specified by part are output, but not plotted in the eps file. stopped particle: Kinetic energy of stopped proton, neutron, \(\pi^+\), \(\pi^-\), and other particles in materials. Contributions of particles specified by part are output, but not plotted in the eps file. others: Remaining excitation energy and fission components. When axis is 2-dimensional, all is the same as simple. Only total, recoil, ionization, low neutron, electron, and others are output.

Table 7.7.8 part

value	explanation
all (default), particle name	Tally particle.

Table 7.7.9 unit

value	explanation
0, 1, 2	0: [Gy/source] 1: [MeV/cm^3/source] 2: [MeV/source]

Table 7.7.10 factor

value	explanation
(optional, D=1.0)	Normalization factor.

Table 7.7.11 title

value	explanation
(optional)	Title.

Table 7.7.12 angel

value	explanation
(optional)	ANGEL parameters.

Table 7.7.13 sangel

value	explanation
(optional)	Special format for ANGEL parameters.

Table 7.7.14 2d-type

value	explanation
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	Options for 2-dimensional plot.
(optional, D=3)

Table 7.7.15 x-txt

value	explanation
(optional)	\(x\) axis title.

Table 7.7.16 y-txt

value	explanation
(optional)	\(y\) axis title.

Table 7.7.17 z-txt

value	explanation
(optional)	\(z\) axis title.

Table 7.7.18 gshow

value	explanation
0 (default), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5	When mesh=xyz and axis=xy,yz,xz, region border (1), material name (2), region name (3), and LAT number (4) are plotted using this option. gshow=5 outputs only material colors in pixel style when icntl=8.

Table 7.7.19 rshow

value	explanation
0 (default), 1, 2, 3	When mesh=reg,tet and axis=xy,yz,xz, region border (1), material name (2), and region name (3) are plotted using this option. A xyz mesh section must be added below this option.

Table 7.7.20 resol

value	explanation
1 (default)	This option multiplies the region line resolution by a factor of resol with the gshow or rshow option set to define the line thickness.

Table 7.7.21 width

value	explanation
0.5 (default)	The option defines the line thickness.

Generally speaking, heat is energy produced by the ionization of charged particles. However, in the transport simulation, transport is stopped below the set particle cut-off energy. In this case, additional components of heat, including recoil, stopped particle, and others, will be output to the heat tally. These components may change as the parameters of the transport are changed.

Table 7.7.22 volume

value	explanation
(optional)	This option defines the volume for each region for reg mesh. Volume definitions are required below this option. Values defined in [volume] are used in the case of no definition. If special description such as using (  ) is used to specify a region in reg=, its internally defined region number is output in input echo when this volume subsection is not defined.
reg vol	Volume definition. For details see the [volume] section.

Table 7.7.23 iechrl

value	explanation
72 (default)	Maximum number of columns for volume input echo.

Table 7.7.24 volmat

value	explanation
(optional, D=9)	This option corrects the volume value for each mesh when material is defined by the xyz mesh. 0 means no correction. Value of volmat is the number of scans per one xyz mesh side.

Table 7.7.25 epsout

value	explanation
0 (default), 1, 2	When epsout=1, results are plotted into eps files. The eps file is named by replacing the extension with .eps. When epsout=2, error bars are also displayed in the eps file, except for the 2-dimensional type, axis=xy, yz, xz, rz.

Table 7.7.26 bmpout

value	explanation
0 (default), 1	Generate Bitmap figure of 2-dimensional tally output. This file is named by replacing the extension with .bmp. When mesh=xyz and axis=xy, yz, xz, it is available.

Table 7.7.27 vtkout

value	explanation
0 (default), 1	Output the tally results in the xyz mesh in the input format of ParaView. This file is named by replacing the extension with .vtk. When mesh=xyz and axis=xy, yz, xz, it is available.

Table 7.7.28 vtkfmt

value	explanation
0 (default), 1	Format of output file for ParaView. 0: ascii, 1: binary.

Table 7.7.29 electron

value	explanation
0 (default), 1	Electron contribution options. 0: using photon kerma factors. Electron and positron should not be transported, otherwise their deposition energies are double-counted. 1: calculating by ionization loss. Electron and positron transport are required.

Table 7.7.30 ctmin(i)

value	explanation
(optional, D=-9999)	Minimum value for the i-th counter.

Table 7.7.31 ctmax(i)

value	explanation
(optional, D=9999)	Maximum value for the i-th counter.

Table 7.7.32 chmin(i)

value	explanation
(optional, D=-9999)	Minimum value for the i-th history-counter. This parameter cannot be specified in the batch variance mode, istdev=1.

Table 7.7.33 chmax(i)

value	explanation
(optional, D=9999)	Maximum value for the i-th history-counter. This parameter cannot be specified in the batch variance mode, istdev=1.

Table 7.7.34 trcl

value	explanation
(optional)	Coordinate transformation number or definition for r-z or xyz mesh.

Table 7.7.35 gslat

value	explanation
2 (default)	Option to draw lattice or tetrahedral geometry boundary lines when gshow or rshow is specified.
0	Not drawing.
1	Drawing. Note that the line of voxel phantoms may not be drawn clearly.
2	Not drawing the lines in the same cell.
3	Not drawing the lines in the same material. In this case, the boundary of two adjacent cells filled with the same material is not also drawn, even if not lattice or tetrahedral geometry. When gshow>=3, cell and lattice numbers are now shown.

When unit=0 with output=dose, results can be obtained in units of [Gy/source]. When mesh=reg, the volumes of each cell should be defined in [volume] or set as volume parameters of [t-deposit]. Because absorbed dose is an intensive variable, PHITS does not output a sum over in output files for unit=0. Note that, in a region including more than two materials, the dose in the region does not equal the average value of the region. For example, when there are two materials with masses \(M_1\) and \(M_2\), and absorption energies \(E_1\) and \(E_2\), respectively, PHITS gives \(\frac{E_1}{M_1}\frac{V_1}{V_1+V_2}+\frac{E_2}{M_2}\frac{V_2}{V_1+V_2}\) in this tally, even though its average dose is \(\frac{E_1+E_2}{M_1+M_2}\). Here, \(V_1\) and \(V_2\) are volumes of the two materials.

Table 7.7.36 stdcut

value	explanation
(optional, D=-1)	Threshold value of STD cut off.

When specifying stdcut, PHITS automatically stop the calculation depending on values of STD, standard deviation. This function is available when stdcut is positive and itall=0,1 is set in [parameters] section. When all relative values of STD of the tally result are larger than 0 and smaller than stdcut at the last of one batch, the calculation is stopped. If stdcut in two or more tally sections is set, all the results of the tally sections have to satisfy the conditions in order for the function to work.