.. _[t-yield]: [ T-Yield ] section ================================================== This tally gives information on produced nuclei. Nuclei with both the number of protons and neutrons greater than zero are tallied. No residual nuclei calculated by nuclear data libraries are scored. Note that nuclei produced by neutrons with energies below **dmax(2)** are scored by setting **e-mode>=1**. .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **mesh** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - **reg, r-z, xyz, tet** - Mesh type. A mesh type subsection is required below this option. .. include:: ./commontally/volume.rst .. include:: ./commontally/iechrl.rst .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **part** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - **all** (default), particle name - Reaction particle. .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **axis** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - **reg, x, y, z, r** - x axis value of output data. * - **tet** - x axis value of output data, only active with **mesh=tet**. * - **xy, yz, xz, rz** - 2-dimensional. * - **mass** - Mass number distribution. If the nucleus is specified, isotope distribution is used. * - **charge** - Atomic number distribution. Nucleus cannot be specified. * - **chart** - Nucleus chart, x:N, y:Z. Nucleus cannot be specified. * - **dchain** - For DCHAIN output. This option is not available for **mesh=r-z** only. For this tally, only one **axis** parameter is defined in the **[t-yield]** section. .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **info** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - **0, 1** - With stable nuclei and magic number for chart. .. include:: ./commontally/file.rst .. include:: ./commontally/resfile.rst In the **[t-yield]** section, projectiles to tally can be specified by **part**, but the output is the sum of their contributions. To obtain each contribution separately, set multiple **[t-yield]** sections. When **igamma=3** is set in the **[parameters]** section, information on isomer production based on the EBITEM model can be obtained by setting **axis=chart** or **axis=dchain** in this tally. .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **unit** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - **1, 2** - 1: [1/source] 2: [1/cm^3/source] .. include:: ./commontally/factor.rst .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **output** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - (optional) - Change the timing of the score. * - **product** (default) - Nuclei produced by nuclear reaction are tallied. * - **cutoff** - Nuclei stopped by energy cutoff are tallied. If nuclei are not transported, this is the same as **product**. .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **mother** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - (optional) - Specify mother nuclei. * - **all** - **all** is the default, same as no definition. * - number of mother nuclei - When setting the number of mother nuclei, define the mothers in the next line. The number of **mother** can be set as a negative value, in which case the specified mothers are not included for scoring. * - (next line) - **208Pb Pb** Nucleus if specified using mass. Without mass, all nuclei are isotopes of Pb. To specify multiple mother groups, use multiple **[t-yield]** tallies. .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **nucleus** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - (optional) - Specify output nuclei. * - **all** - **all** is the default, same as no definition. * - number of nuclei - When setting number of nuclei, define the nuclei in the next line. * - (next line) - **208Pb Pb** Nucleus if specified with mass. Without mass, all nuclei are isotopes of Pb. When specifying **mother** and **nucleus** , use the format described in :numref:`sec-part-spec` . .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **elastic** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - **1** (default), **0, -1** - Option for treating secondary particles produced by nuclear reaction. In the case of **output=product**. 1: tally all secondary particles including those generated from elastic scattering. 0: tally secondary particles generated only from inelastic scattering. -1: do not tally any secondary particles if one of the secondary particles is the same as the target nucleus, such as elastic scattering case. If not, tally all secondary particles but subtract the target nucleus. In the case of **output=cutoff**. 0, 1: do not tally any secondary particles. -1: subtract the target nucleus. When **elastic=-1**, the yields of target nuclei could be a negative value, but those data are ignored in the eps file, regarded as 0 in the figure. .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **mxnuclei** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - **3000** (default) - Maximum number of nuclides scored in the case of **axis=chart** or **axis=dchain**. 0: score the yield of all nuclides on the nuclear chart, 136 charge numbers * 236 mass numbers * 3 meta stables = 96,288. >0: score the yield of nuclides up to this number, and ignore the rest by outputting a warning message. A smaller **mxnuclei** results in smaller size of allocated memory and shorter computational time, but larger chance to miss the yields of some important nuclides. If **output=cutoff** is specified, the parameters of **part** and **mother** are neglected. .. include:: ./commontally/title.rst .. include:: ./commontally/angel.rst .. include:: ./commontally/sangel.rst .. include:: ./commontally/2d-type.rst .. include:: ./commontally/gshow.rst .. include:: ./commontally/rshow.rst .. include:: ./commontally/gslat.rst .. include:: ./commontally/x-txt.rst .. include:: ./commontally/y-txt.rst .. include:: ./commontally/z-txt.rst .. include:: ./commontally/resol.rst .. include:: ./commontally/width.rst .. include:: ./commontally/trcl.rst .. include:: ./commontally/material.rst .. include:: ./commontally/volmat.rst .. include:: ./commontally/epsout.rst .. include:: ./commontally/bmpout.rst .. include:: ./commontally/vtkout.rst .. include:: ./commontally/vtkfmt.rst .. include:: ./commontally/foamout.rst .. include:: ./commontally/maxangel.rst .. include:: ./commontally/ctmin.rst .. include:: ./commontally/ctmax.rst .. include:: ./commontally/chmin.rst .. include:: ./commontally/chmax.rst .. include:: ./commontally/stdcut.rst .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **special** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - D=0 (optional) - When **special** > 0, nuclear reactions are repeated more than once to increase statistics. .. rst-class:: no-caption-number .. list-table:: **ndata** :header-rows: 0 * - value - explanation * - **0, 1, 2** (default), **3** - Option to replace the results of nuclear reaction events with particle production cross section, activation cross section, data. 0: this option is not available. 1: replace with cross section data in nucleon-induced reactions on :math:`\alpha`, :math:`^{14}\mathrm{N}`, and :math:`^{16}\mathrm{O}` targets. 2: replace with cross section data in a directory specified by **file(27)**, **D=file(1)/XS/yield/**, in proton, neutron, deuteron, alpha-induced, and photo-nuclear reactions when using the evaluated nuclear data library without **e-mode**. 3: replace with cross section data in a directory specified by **file(27)**, **D=file(1)/XS/yield/**, in proton, neutron, deuteron, alpha-induced, and photo-nuclear reactions when using the evaluated nuclear data library with or without **e-mode** or nuclear reaction models. When **coll** or reaction events belonging to **coll** are specified in **[counter]**, the counter value changes before the particle information is tallied. Therefore, to tally the information at the moment the reaction event occurs, specify the counter value after the change. When specifying the **ndata** option, PHITS replaces the results of nuclear reaction events with special reaction cross section data, **ndata=1**, or cross section data in a directory specified by **file(27)** [#file27]_, **ndata=2,3**. This option helps you obtain more reliable production yields when the yield given by the nuclear reaction models does not reproduce the experimental data well. When a nuclear reaction event occurs in a transport calculation, PHITS replaces a tally yield obtained from the evaluated data or model with the cross section data of the **ndata** option. This replacement occurs only in the tally that specifies **ndata** and is independent of the other tallies or the transport calculation. Note that double counting may occur if **output=cutoff**. For example, if a secondary particle produced by a nuclear reaction model has an energy greater than **emin**, it will be counted twice, with the contribution of the replacement at the time of the reaction event and the contribution at the time of the energy cutoff after its transport. If you want to avoid double counting of tally yields, please set **ctmax(i)=0, (i=1,2,3)** and **ndata** in the **[counter]** section. See also the **[counter]** section for this method. When **ndata=1**, special reaction cross section data are used for particle yields of the tally in reaction events of neutron- or proton-induced reactions on :math:`^4\mathrm{He}`, :math:`^{14}\mathrm{N}`, and :math:`^{16}\mathrm{O}` targets. The following nuclear reactions are considered. The tally value is evaluated by excitation functions of these nuclear reactions. .. code-block:: text :caption: Nuclear reactions considered for **ndata=1**. ^4He(n,x)^3H ^14N(n,x)^3H ^14N(n,x)^7Be ^14N(n,x)^11Be ^14N(n,x)^10C ^14N(n,x)^11C ^14N(n,x)^14C ^14N(n,x)^13N ^16O(n,x)^3H ^16O(n,x)^7Be ^16O(n,x)^11Be ^16O(n,x)^10C ^16O(n,x)^11C ^16O(n,x)^14C ^16O(n,x)^15C ^16O(n,x)^13N ^16O(n,x)^16N ^16O(n,x)^14O ^16O(n,x)^15O ^4He(p,x)^3H ^14N(p,x)^7Be ^14N(p,x)^11Be ^14N(p,x)^10C ^14N(p,x)^11C ^14N(p,x)^13N ^14N(p,x)^14O ^16O(p,x)^3H ^16O(p,x)^7Be ^16O(p,x)^11Be ^16O(p,x)^10C ^16O(p,x)^11C ^16O(p,x)^14C ^16O(p,x)^13N ^16O(p,x)^14O ^16O(p,x)^15O When **ndata=2,3**, this option uses cross section data in the directory specified by **file(27)**. From ver. 3.35, activation cross section data of JENDL-5 are stored. You can obtain particle production yields based on JENDL-5 for proton, neutron, deuteron, alpha-induced, and photo-nuclear reactions with energies up to 200, 200, 100, 50, and 200 MeV/n, respectively. If **ndata=2**, replacement is only performed when using the evaluated nuclear data library without **e-mode**. If **ndata=3**, there is no such limitation as above, and PHITS basically replaces the calculated results of all nuclear reaction events. No replacement is made for reactions other than the target nuclides and incident energies given in **file(27)**, and the results of the evaluated nuclear data and nuclear reaction models are tallied as they are. For **ndata=2,3** the production of all particles is evaluated by replacing the cross section data for **output=product**, but for **output=cutoff** the production of light ions such as :math:`d`, :math:`t`, :math:`^3\mathrm{He}`, and :math:`\alpha` are not replaced. This is because these particles are likely to be produced with energies greater than **emin** in the calculation of the evaluated nuclear data and nuclear reaction models, and will be tallied at the energy cutoff after transport. However, even with **output=cutoff**, if the calculation is performed by evaluated nuclear data without **e-mode**, the production of light ions will not occur, with **lionprd=-1** by default, thus replacing all particle production. When **ndata=2,3** and **axis=dchain**, no cross section data replacement is performed for neutron-induced reactions below 20 MeV, because this **axis** assumes that the production yield from the reactions is calculated using DCHAIN. For **ndata=2,3**, you can use original data by changing the data file in **file(27)**, **(D=file(1)/dchain-sp/data/)**. Its file name should be given as ``[element symbol]+[mass number(three digits)]+[-y-]+[incident particle ID]+[.dat]``, for example ``O_016-y-n.dat`` or ``Pd107-y-n.dat``. Here, the incident particle IDs for proton, neutron, deuteron, :math:`\alpha`, and photon-induced reactions are **p**, **n**, **d**, **a**, and **g**, respectively. Note that if the element has only one character in its symbol, an underline ``_`` must be added after the element symbol. An example of the production cross section data is as follows. .. code-block:: text :caption: Example of production cross section data. # ZAP = 48113 LIP = 1 INT = 2 # Elab (MeV) sigma (b) 1.000000e-11 0.000000e+00 2.530000e-08 0.000000e+00 2.000000e+01 0.000000e+00 2.100000e+01 0.000000e+00 ... where **ZAP**, **LIP**, and **INT** are produced nuclei, its isomer state, and interpolation method, respectively. The produced nuclei are specified as :math:`1000Z+A`, where :math:`Z` is atomic number and :math:`A`, three digits, is mass number. The isomer state is specified by **LIP**: =0, the ground state; =1, the first metastable state; =2, the second metastable state. The interpolation method **INT = (1,2,3,4,5)** are as follows. .. code-block:: text :caption: Interpolation methods of **INT**. INT = 1 : Histogram 2 : Linear(x) - Linear(y) 3 : Log(x) - Linear(y) 4 : Linear(x) - Log(y) 5 : Log(x) - Log(y) The second line should be written as follows. .. code-block:: text :caption: Second line of the production cross section data. # Elab (MeV) sigma (b) The incident energy [MeV] and cross section [barn] should be written in the first and second columns from the third line. The number of the energy bin is not limited. Note that when the incident energy falls outside the energy range specified by the data, the cross section data at the minimum or maximum energies are used, respectively, for the lower and higher energies. Larger nuclei than He are tallied from the data. **$**, **!**, and **%** can be used as comment remarks. .. [#file27] From ver. 3.35, activation cross section data of JENDL-5 are stored. See O. Iwamoto, N. Iwamoto, S. Kunieda, F. Minato, S. Nakayama, Y. Abe, et al., "Japanese evaluated nuclear data library version 5: JENDL-5", J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 60(1), 1-60 (2023). DOI: `10.1080/00223131.2022.2141903 `__ (Open Access).